Add live config reload, session locking and managed daemons

Refine focus gradients, shell workspace controls and popup motion. Correct floating stacking and preserve client-chosen dialog sizes. Add lock protocol probes and session integration.

compositor/Cargo.toml

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ ferese-ipc = { path = "../crates/ferese-ipc" }
 ferese-layout = { path = "../crates/ferese-layout" }
 ferese-protocols = { path = "../crates/ferese-protocols", features = ["server"] }
 libc.workspace = true
+notify = "8.2.0"
 image = { version = "0.25.10", default-features = false, features = ["png", "jpeg", "webp"] }
 smithay.workspace = true
 serde.workspace = true

compositor/src/backends/direct.rs

@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ struct DirectOutput {
     damage_tracker: OutputDamageTracker,
     render_metrics: RenderMetrics,
     frame_pending: bool,
+    lock_frame_pending: bool,
 }
 
 struct OutputSelection {
@@ -369,13 +370,17 @@ fn open_primary_device(
         .insert_source(notifier, move |event, metadata, state| match event {
             DrmEvent::VBlank(crtc) => {
                 if let Some(metadata) = metadata {
+                    let mut retired = false;
                     let feedback = state
                         .direct_backend
                         .as_mut()
                         .and_then(|backend| backend.devices.get_mut(&node))
                         .and_then(|device| device.outputs.get_mut(&crtc))
                         .and_then(|output| match output.surface.frame_submitted() {
-                            Ok(feedback) => feedback,
+                            Ok(feedback) => {
+                                retired = true;
+                                feedback
+                            }
                             Err(error) => {
                                 tracing::error!(?node, ?crtc, %error, "failed to retire DRM frame");
                                 None
@@ -397,6 +402,21 @@ fn open_primary_device(
                         .and_then(|backend| backend.devices.get(&node))
                         .and_then(|device| device.outputs.get(&crtc))
                         .is_some_and(|output| state.is_focused_output(&output.output));
+                    let lock_output = state
+                        .direct_backend
+                        .as_mut()
+                        .and_then(|backend| backend.devices.get_mut(&node))
+                        .and_then(|device| device.outputs.get_mut(&crtc))
+                        .and_then(|output| {
+                            if retired && std::mem::take(&mut output.lock_frame_pending) {
+                                Some(output.output.clone())
+                            } else {
+                                None
+                            }
+                        });
+                    if let Some(output) = lock_output {
+                        state.lock_frame_presented(&output);
+                    }
                     if let Some(output) = state
                         .direct_backend
                         .as_mut()
@@ -632,6 +652,7 @@ fn render_output(state: &mut Ferese, node: DrmNode, crtc: crtc::Handle) {
             effects,
         );
         output.frame_pending = true;
+        output.lock_frame_pending = state.session_lock.active;
         Ok(true)
     })();
 
@@ -852,6 +873,10 @@ fn refresh_duration(state: &Ferese, node: DrmNode, crtc: crtc::Handle) -> Durati
 }
 
 fn send_frame_callbacks(state: &mut Ferese, output: &Output) {
+    if state.session_lock.active {
+        state.lock_frame_callbacks(output);
+        return;
+    }
     state.space.elements().for_each(|window| {
         window.send_frame(
             output,
@@ -1099,6 +1124,7 @@ fn create_direct_output(
         damage_tracker,
         render_metrics,
         frame_pending: false,
+        lock_frame_pending: false,
     })
 }
 

compositor/src/config.rs

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ use crate::window_rules::{self, WindowRule, WindowRuleConfig};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
 pub struct Config {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub(crate) autostart: Vec<DaemonConfig>,
     #[serde(default)]
     animations: AnimationsConfig,
     #[serde(default)]
@@ -36,6 +38,26 @@ pub struct Config {
     scrolling: ScrollingConfig,
     #[serde(default)]
     output_profiles: Vec<OutputProfileConfig>,
+    #[serde(default, rename = "status")]
+    _status: ShellStatusConfig,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Deserialize)]
+pub(crate) struct DaemonConfig {
+    pub command: Vec<String>,
+    #[serde(default = "default_true")]
+    pub restart: bool,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    pub nested: bool,
+}
+
+// Validate shell-only fields too, before publishing an accepted source.
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[allow(dead_code)]
+struct ShellStatusConfig {
+    battery_percentage: Option<bool>,
+    low_battery_threshold: Option<u8>,
+    settings_command: Option<Vec<String>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
@@ -105,12 +127,62 @@ struct OutputConfig {
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct RgbaColor(pub [f32; 4]);
 
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
+pub struct BorderGradient {
+    pub from: RgbaColor,
+    pub to: RgbaColor,
+    pub angle: f64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+struct BorderPaintConfig {
+    gradient: Option<BorderGradientConfig>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
+struct BorderGradientConfig {
+    from: String,
+    to: String,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    angle: f64,
+}
+
+impl BorderPaintConfig {
+    fn settings(&self, name: &str) -> Result<Option<BorderGradient>, ConfigError> {
+        let (from_name, to_name, angle_name) = if name == "focus_ring" {
+            (
+                "focus_ring.gradient.from",
+                "focus_ring.gradient.to",
+                "focus_ring.gradient.angle",
+            )
+        } else {
+            (
+                "border.gradient.from",
+                "border.gradient.to",
+                "border.gradient.angle",
+            )
+        };
+        self.gradient
+            .as_ref()
+            .map(|gradient| {
+                Ok(BorderGradient {
+                    from: parse_color(&gradient.from, from_name)?,
+                    to: parse_color(&gradient.to, to_name)?,
+                    angle: finite_theme_value(gradient.angle, angle_name)?.rem_euclid(360.0),
+                })
+            })
+            .transpose()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, PartialEq)]
 pub struct ThemeSettings {
     pub border_width: f64,
     pub focus_ring_width: f64,
     pub border_color: RgbaColor,
     pub accent_color: RgbaColor,
+    pub border_gradient: Option<BorderGradient>,
+    pub focus_ring_gradient: Option<BorderGradient>,
     pub shadow_color: RgbaColor,
     pub surface_base_color: RgbaColor,
     pub panel_opacity: f64,
@@ -167,6 +239,10 @@ impl Default for InactiveDimConfig {
 
 #[derive(Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
 struct ThemeConfig {
+    #[serde(default)]
+    border: BorderPaintConfig,
+    #[serde(default)]
+    focus_ring: BorderPaintConfig,
     #[serde(default)]
     typography: OverviewTypographyConfig,
     #[serde(default)]
@@ -184,6 +260,46 @@ struct ThemeConfig {
 }
 
 impl Config {
+    pub(crate) fn parse_source(source: &str) -> Result<Self, ConfigError> {
+        toml::from_str(source).map_err(|source| ConfigError::Parse {
+            path: config_path().unwrap_or_default(),
+            source,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn runtime_config(&self) -> Result<crate::RuntimeConfig, ConfigError> {
+        for daemon in &self.autostart {
+            if daemon
+                .command
+                .first()
+                .is_none_or(|program| program.trim().is_empty())
+            {
+                return Err(ConfigError::InvalidBinding(
+                    "autostart command must contain a program".into(),
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+        let input_settings = self.input_settings()?;
+        let bindings = self.bindings(&input_settings)?;
+        Ok(crate::RuntimeConfig {
+            layout_mode: self.layout_mode(),
+            gap_config: self.gap_config()?,
+            input_settings,
+            bindings,
+            window_rules: self.window_rules()?,
+            theme_settings: self.theme_settings()?,
+            default_column_width: self.default_column_width()?,
+            scrolling_focus_strategy: self.scrolling_focus_strategy(),
+            column_width_presets: self.width_presets()?,
+            animations_enabled: self.animations_enabled(),
+            animation_speed: self.animation_speed()?,
+            spring_config: self.spring_config()?,
+            viewport_spring_config: self.viewport_spring_config()?,
+            output_profiles: self.output_profiles()?,
+            wallpaper: self.wallpaper_settings(),
+            overview_font_family: self.overview_font_family(),
+        })
+    }
     pub(crate) fn overview_font_family(&self) -> String {
         self.theme
             .typography
@@ -905,6 +1021,8 @@ impl Config {
             focus_ring_width,
             border_color: parse_color(&self.theme.colors.border, "colors.border")?,
             accent_color: parse_color(&self.theme.colors.accent, "colors.accent")?,
+            border_gradient: self.theme.border.settings("border")?,
+            focus_ring_gradient: self.theme.focus_ring.settings("focus_ring")?,
             shadow_color: parse_color(&self.theme.colors.shadow, "colors.shadow")?,
             surface_base_color: parse_color(
                 &self.theme.colors.surface_base,
@@ -1576,7 +1694,7 @@ fn parse_column_width(
     }
 }
 
-fn config_path() -> Option<PathBuf> {
+pub(crate) fn config_path() -> Option<PathBuf> {
     if let Some(directory) = env::var_os("XDG_CONFIG_HOME").filter(|value| !value.is_empty()) {
         return Some(PathBuf::from(directory).join("ferese/config.toml"));
     }
@@ -1724,6 +1842,8 @@ mod tests {
                 focus_ring_width: 3.0,
                 border_color: RgbaColor([17.0 / 255.0, 34.0 / 255.0, 51.0 / 255.0, 68.0 / 255.0,]),
                 accent_color: RgbaColor([170.0 / 255.0, 187.0 / 255.0, 0.8, 1.0]),
+                border_gradient: None,
+                focus_ring_gradient: None,
                 shadow_color: RgbaColor([1.0 / 255.0, 2.0 / 255.0, 3.0 / 255.0, 128.0 / 255.0]),
                 surface_base_color: RgbaColor([17.0 / 255.0, 24.0 / 255.0, 33.0 / 255.0, 1.0,]),
                 panel_opacity: 0.78,
@@ -1757,6 +1877,45 @@ mod tests {
         assert!(toml::from_str::<Config>("[theme.material]\nstyle = \"glass\"").is_err());
     }
 
+    #[test]
+    fn border_gradients_are_optional_and_independent() {
+        let defaults = parse("").theme_settings().unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(defaults.border_gradient, None);
+        assert_eq!(defaults.focus_ring_gradient, None);
+        let configured =
+            parse("[theme.focus_ring.gradient]\nfrom = '#e5c890'\nto = '#b98d5880'\nangle = -45")
+                .theme_settings()
+                .unwrap();
+        let gradient = configured.focus_ring_gradient.unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(configured.border_gradient, None);
+        assert_eq!(gradient.angle, 315.0);
+        assert_eq!(gradient.to.0[3], 128.0 / 255.0);
+        let border = parse("[theme.border.gradient]\nfrom = '#112233'\nto = '#445566'")
+            .theme_settings()
+            .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(border.border_gradient.unwrap().angle, 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(border.focus_ring_gradient, None);
+        assert_eq!(configured.border_color, defaults.border_color);
+        assert_eq!(configured.accent_color, defaults.accent_color);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn border_gradients_reject_invalid_colors_and_nonfinite_angles() {
+        for settings in [
+            "from = 'invalid'\nto = '#445566'",
+            "from = '#112233'\nto = 'invalid'",
+            "from = '#112233'\nto = '#445566'\nangle = nan",
+            "from = '#112233'\nto = '#445566'\nangle = inf",
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                parse(&format!("[theme.focus_ring.gradient]\n{settings}"))
+                    .theme_settings()
+                    .is_err()
+            );
+        }
+        assert!(toml::from_str::<Config>("[theme.border.gradient]\nfrom = '#112233'").is_err());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn material_color_comes_from_surface_base() {
         let theme = parse("[theme.colors]\nsurface_base = \"#000000\"\n[theme.surface.bar]\nbackground = \"#FFFFFF\"")

compositor/src/daemon.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+//! Session-owned services. Never grant shell/effects privileges to daemons.
+use crate::{Ferese, config::DaemonConfig, private_client::ClientCapabilities};
+use std::{
+    process::Child,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+struct Service {
+    config: DaemonConfig,
+    child: Option<Child>,
+    next_start: Instant,
+    finished: bool,
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct Runner(Vec<Service>);
+
+impl Runner {
+    pub fn new(configs: &[DaemonConfig], nested: bool) -> Self {
+        Self(
+            configs
+                .iter()
+                .filter(|config| !nested || config.nested)
+                .map(|config| Service {
+                    config: config.clone(),
+                    child: None,
+                    next_start: Instant::now(),
+                    finished: false,
+                })
+                .collect(),
+        )
+    }
+
+    pub fn tick(&mut self, state: &mut Ferese) {
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        for service in &mut self.0 {
+            if let Some(child) = &mut service.child {
+                match child.try_wait() {
+                    Ok(Some(status)) => {
+                        tracing::info!(command = ?service.config.command, %status, "session daemon exited");
+                        service.child = None;
+                        service.finished = !service.config.restart;
+                        service.next_start = now + Duration::from_secs(5);
+                    }
+                    Ok(None) => continue,
+                    Err(error) => {
+                        tracing::warn!(%error, "cannot reap session daemon");
+                        continue;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            if !service.finished && now >= service.next_start {
+                service.child = crate::spawn_client(
+                    state,
+                    service.config.command.iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
+                    ClientCapabilities::default(),
+                );
+                service.next_start = now + Duration::from_secs(5);
+                if service.child.is_none() && !service.config.restart {
+                    service.finished = true;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn stop(&mut self) {
+        for service in &mut self.0 {
+            if let Some(mut child) = service.child.take() {
+                crate::terminate_child(&mut child);
+            }
+            service.finished = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Runner {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        self.stop();
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn previews_do_not_duplicate_session_daemons() {
+        let configs = vec![DaemonConfig {
+            command: vec!["awari".into()],
+            restart: true,
+            nested: false,
+        }];
+        assert!(Runner::new(&configs, true).0.is_empty());
+        let mut direct = Runner::new(&configs, false);
+        assert_eq!(direct.0.len(), 1);
+        direct.stop();
+        assert!(direct.0[0].finished);
+    }
+}

compositor/src/dimming.rs

@@ -54,11 +54,43 @@ impl DimAnimation {
         self.current = self.start + (target - self.start) * eased;
         self.current != target
     }
+
+    /// The target changed at this tick, not at the beginning of a potentially
+    /// long idle interval. Do not spend that old elapsed time on a new fade.
+    pub fn advance_visual(&mut self, target: f64, delta: Duration, duration_ms: f64) -> bool {
+        self.advance(
+            target,
+            if self.target != target {
+                Duration::ZERO
+            } else {
+                delta
+            },
+            duration_ms,
+        )
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
+    #[test]
+    fn visual_focus_and_dimming_start_together_after_idle_and_reverse() {
+        let mut focus = DimAnimation::new(0.0);
+        let mut dim = DimAnimation::new(0.15);
+        assert!(focus.advance_visual(1.0, Duration::from_secs(30), 150.0));
+        assert!(dim.advance_visual(0.0, Duration::from_secs(30), 150.0));
+        assert_eq!(focus.current, 0.0);
+        assert_eq!(dim.current, 0.15);
+        focus.advance_visual(1.0, Duration::from_millis(75), 150.0);
+        dim.advance_visual(0.0, Duration::from_millis(75), 150.0);
+        assert!((focus.current + dim.current / 0.15 - 1.0).abs() < 1e-9);
+        let before = focus.current;
+        focus.advance_visual(0.0, Duration::from_millis(16), 150.0);
+        assert_eq!(focus.current, before);
+        assert!(!focus.advance_visual(0.0, Duration::from_millis(150), 150.0));
+        assert!(!focus.advance_visual(1.0, Duration::from_secs(30), 0.0));
+        assert_eq!(focus.current, 1.0);
+    }
 
     #[test]
     fn only_unfocused_windows_dim_and_overview_disables_it() {

compositor/src/effects.rs

@@ -65,6 +65,9 @@ struct SurfaceEffectsState {
     generation: AtomicU64,
     role: Mutex<Option<SemanticRole>>,
     regions: Mutex<Option<Vec<[i32; 5]>>>,
+    opacity: Mutex<u32>,
+    presentation_supported: AtomicBool,
+    dismissing: AtomicBool,
 }
 
 impl SurfaceEffectsState {
@@ -74,6 +77,9 @@ impl SurfaceEffectsState {
             generation: AtomicU64::new(0),
             role: Mutex::new(None),
             regions: Mutex::new(None),
+            opacity: Mutex::new(1000),
+            presentation_supported: AtomicBool::new(false),
+            dismissing: AtomicBool::new(false),
         }
     }
 
@@ -103,7 +109,7 @@ impl SurfaceEffectsUserData {
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn init_global(display: &DisplayHandle) {
-    display.create_global::<Ferese, FereseEffectsManagerV1, _>(2, ());
+    display.create_global::<Ferese, FereseEffectsManagerV1, _>(3, ());
 }
 
 pub(crate) fn surface_regions(surface: &WlSurface) -> Option<Vec<[i32; 5]>> {
@@ -197,7 +203,15 @@ impl Dispatch<FereseEffectsManagerV1, ()> for Ferese {
                         "wl_surface already has a Ferese effects object",
                     );
                 } else {
-                    data_init.init(id, SurfaceEffectsUserData::new(surface));
+                    let effects = data_init.init(id, SurfaceEffectsUserData::new(surface.clone()));
+                    with_states(&surface, |states| {
+                        states
+                            .data_map
+                            .get::<SurfaceEffectsState>()
+                            .unwrap()
+                            .presentation_supported
+                            .store(effects.version() >= 3, Ordering::Release)
+                    });
                 }
             }
             ferese_effects_manager_v1::Request::Destroy => {}
@@ -221,6 +235,27 @@ impl Dispatch<FereseSurfaceEffectsV1, SurfaceEffectsUserData> for Ferese {
         };
 
         match request {
+            ferese_surface_effects_v1::Request::SetOpacity { opacity } => {
+                let changed = with_states(&surface, |states| {
+                    let Some(effects) = states.data_map.get::<SurfaceEffectsState>() else {
+                        return false;
+                    };
+                    if effects.dismissing.load(Ordering::Acquire) {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    let mut current = effects.opacity.lock().unwrap();
+                    let opacity = opacity.min(1000);
+                    if *current == opacity {
+                        return false;
+                    }
+                    *current = opacity;
+                    effects.generation.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+                    true
+                });
+                if changed {
+                    crate::backends::direct::render_all(state);
+                }
+            }
             ferese_surface_effects_v1::Request::SetRole { role } => {
                 let role = match role {
                     WEnum::Value(ferese_surface_effects_v1::Role::Panel) => SemanticRole::Panel,
@@ -301,11 +336,47 @@ fn detach(surface: &WlSurface) -> bool {
             return false;
         };
         let role_changed = effects.set_role(None);
+        effects.dismissing.store(false, Ordering::Release);
+        let mut opacity = effects.opacity.lock().unwrap();
+        let opacity_changed = *opacity != 1000;
+        *opacity = 1000;
         let was_attached = effects.attached.swap(false, Ordering::AcqRel);
-        role_changed || was_attached
+        role_changed || was_attached || opacity_changed
     })
 }
 
+pub(crate) fn surface_opacity(surface: &WlSurface) -> f32 {
+    with_states(surface, |states| {
+        states
+            .data_map
+            .get::<SurfaceEffectsState>()
+            .map_or(1.0, |effects| {
+                *effects.opacity.lock().unwrap() as f32 / 1000.0
+            })
+    })
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn begin_surface_dismiss(surface: &WlSurface) -> bool {
+    with_states(surface, |states| {
+        states
+            .data_map
+            .get::<SurfaceEffectsState>()
+            .is_some_and(|effects| {
+                effects.presentation_supported.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+                    && effects.attached.load(Ordering::Acquire)
+                    && !effects.dismissing.swap(true, Ordering::AcqRel)
+            })
+    })
+}
+pub(crate) fn fade_dismissed_surface(surface: &WlSurface, opacity: f64) {
+    with_states(surface, |states| {
+        if let Some(effects) = states.data_map.get::<SurfaceEffectsState>() {
+            *effects.opacity.lock().unwrap() = (opacity.clamp(0.0, 1.0) * 1000.0).round() as u32;
+            effects.generation.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Release);
+        }
+    });
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use super::*;

compositor/src/handlers/activation.rs

@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ impl XdgActivationHandler for Ferese {
         data: XdgActivationTokenData,
         surface: WlSurface,
     ) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         let valid = data.serial.is_some() && data.timestamp.elapsed() <= TOKEN_MAX_AGE;
         self.xdg_activation_state.remove_token(&token);
         if !valid {

compositor/src/handlers/compositor.rs

@@ -90,6 +90,12 @@ impl CompositorHandler for Ferese {
     }
 
     fn destroyed(&mut self, surface: &WlSurface) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            self.session_lock
+                .surfaces
+                .retain(|_, lock| lock.wl_surface() != surface);
+            self.focus_lock_surface();
+        }
         self.backdrop_generation = self.backdrop_generation.wrapping_add(1);
         crate::backends::direct::render_all(self);
         if self.idle_inhibitors.remove(surface).is_some() {

compositor/src/handlers/layer_shell.rs

@@ -107,7 +107,8 @@ pub fn handle_commit(state: &mut Ferese, surface: &WlSurface) {
     }
 
     let policy = layer.cached_state();
-    if policy.keyboard_interactivity == KeyboardInteractivity::Exclusive
+    if !state.session_lock.active
+        && policy.keyboard_interactivity == KeyboardInteractivity::Exclusive
         && matches!(policy.layer, Layer::Top | Layer::Overlay)
     {
         state

compositor/src/handlers/screencopy.rs

@@ -137,6 +137,10 @@ impl Ferese {
         with_damage: bool,
     ) {
         let mut used = data.used.lock().unwrap();
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            frame.failed();
+            return;
+        }
         if *used {
             frame.post_error(
                 zwlr_screencopy_frame_v1::Error::AlreadyUsed,

compositor/src/handlers/xdg_shell.rs

@@ -115,6 +115,9 @@ impl XdgShellHandler for Ferese {
     }
 
     fn move_request(&mut self, surface: ToplevelSurface, seat: wl_seat::WlSeat, serial: Serial) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         let Some(seat) = Seat::from_resource(&seat) else {
             return;
         };
@@ -163,6 +166,9 @@ impl XdgShellHandler for Ferese {
         serial: Serial,
         edges: smithay::reexports::wayland_protocols::xdg::shell::server::xdg_toplevel::ResizeEdge,
     ) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         let Some(seat) = Seat::from_resource(&seat) else {
             return;
         };
@@ -247,6 +253,9 @@ impl XdgShellHandler for Ferese {
     }
 
     fn grab(&mut self, surface: PopupSurface, seat: wl_seat::WlSeat, serial: Serial) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         let Some(seat) = Seat::from_resource(&seat) else {
             return;
         };

compositor/src/input.rs

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+use smithay::reexports::wayland_server::Resource;
 use std::process::Command;
 
 use smithay::{
@@ -26,6 +27,21 @@ impl Ferese {
         let seat = self.seat.clone();
         self.idle_notifier_state.notify_activity(&seat);
 
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            // An already-bound IME or drag client may install a grab after the
+            // lock request. Never let that grab receive subsequent lock input.
+            if let Some(keyboard) = seat.get_keyboard() {
+                keyboard.unset_grab(self);
+            }
+            if let Some(pointer) = seat.get_pointer() {
+                pointer.unset_grab(self, SERIAL_COUNTER.next_serial(), 0);
+            }
+            if let Some(touch) = seat.get_touch() {
+                touch.unset_grab(self);
+            }
+            self.focus_lock_surface();
+        }
+
         match event {
             InputEvent::SwitchToggle { event } if event.switch() == Some(Switch::Lid) => {
                 crate::backends::direct::set_lid_closed(self, event.state() == SwitchState::On);
@@ -42,6 +58,9 @@ impl Ferese {
                     SERIAL_COUNTER.next_serial(),
                     Event::time(&event) as u32,
                     |data, modifiers, keysym| {
+                        if data.session_lock.active {
+                            return FilterResult::Forward;
+                        }
                         if state == KeyState::Released && data.intercepted_keys.remove(&keycode) {
                             return FilterResult::Intercept(());
                         }
@@ -178,6 +197,30 @@ impl Ferese {
                 let pointer = self.seat.get_pointer().expect("seat has a pointer");
                 let serial = SERIAL_COUNTER.next_serial();
 
+                // Native popup_done destroys Iced's window immediately. For
+                // effects-capable shell popups, release input now but defer
+                // popup_done until the compositor's whole-surface fade ends.
+                if event.state() == ButtonState::Pressed
+                    && pointer.is_grabbed()
+                    && let Some(surface) = self.seat.get_keyboard().and_then(|k| k.current_focus())
+                    && let Some(popup) = self.popups.find_popup(&surface)
+                    && !self
+                        .surface_under(pointer.current_location())
+                        .is_some_and(|(target, _)| surface.id().same_client_as(&target.id()))
+                    && let Ok(root) = smithay::desktop::find_popup_root_surface(&popup)
+                    && crate::effects::begin_surface_dismiss(&surface)
+                {
+                    let opacity = crate::effects::surface_opacity(&surface);
+                    self.dismissing_popups.push((
+                        root,
+                        popup,
+                        crate::dimming::DimAnimation::new(f64::from(opacity)),
+                    ));
+                    pointer.unset_grab(self, serial, event.time() as u32);
+                    self.focus_window_at(pointer.current_location(), serial);
+                    crate::backends::direct::render_all(self);
+                }
+
                 if self.overview.is_active() {
                     let position = pointer.current_location();
                     if self.layer_under(position).is_some() {
@@ -345,6 +388,11 @@ impl Ferese {
     }
 
     fn focus_window_at(&mut self, position: Point<f64, Logical>, serial: Serial) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            self.focus_output_at(position);
+            self.focus_lock_surface();
+            return;
+        }
         let keyboard = self.seat.get_keyboard().expect("seat has a keyboard");
         self.focus_output_at(position);
 
@@ -390,6 +438,9 @@ impl Ferese {
         pointer: &PointerHandle<Self>,
         position: Point<f64, Logical>,
     ) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         if self.overview.is_active()
             || !self.input_settings.focus_follows_mouse
             || pointer.is_grabbed()
@@ -436,6 +487,9 @@ impl Ferese {
         pointer: &PointerHandle<Self>,
         requested: Point<f64, Logical>,
     ) -> Point<f64, Logical> {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return requested;
+        }
         let current = pointer.current_location();
         let Some(focused_surface) = pointer.current_focus() else {
             return requested;
@@ -473,6 +527,9 @@ impl Ferese {
     }
 
     pub fn activate_focused_pointer_constraint(&self, pointer: &PointerHandle<Self>) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         let position = pointer.current_location();
         let Some((surface, origin)) = self.surface_under(position) else {
             return;

compositor/src/ipc.rs

@@ -209,6 +209,13 @@ fn serve_connection(
 
 impl Ferese {
     fn handle_ipc_request(&mut self, request: Request) -> Response {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return Response::error(
+                request.id,
+                "session_locked",
+                "IPC unavailable while session is locked",
+            );
+        }
         if let Err(error) = validate_request(&request) {
             return Response::error(request.id, error.code, error.message);
         }
@@ -222,6 +229,9 @@ impl Ferese {
     fn dispatch_ipc_command(&mut self, command: &str, args: &Value) -> Result<Value, CommandError> {
         match command {
             "exit" => {} // The IPC worker stops the loop after writing the response.
+            "reload-config" => self
+                .reload_config()
+                .map_err(|e| CommandError::new("invalid_config", e))?,
             "focus" => self.focus_direction(direction_arg(args)?),
             "move" => self.move_direction(direction_arg(args)?),
             "resize" => self.resize_direction(direction_arg(args)?),

compositor/src/main.rs

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 mod backends;
 mod config;
 mod cursor;
+mod daemon;
 mod dimming;
 mod effects;
 mod grabs;
@@ -13,7 +14,9 @@ mod metrics;
 mod overview;
 mod presentation;
 mod private_client;
+mod reload;
 mod resize_transaction;
+mod session_lock;
 mod shell_control;
 mod stacking;
 mod state;
@@ -42,11 +45,11 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
 
     let launch = LaunchConfig::from_environment()
         .map_err(|error| io::Error::new(io::ErrorKind::InvalidInput, error))?;
-    let config = Config::load()?;
-    let input_settings = config.input_settings()?;
-    let bindings = config.bindings(&input_settings)?;
-    let window_rules = config.window_rules()?;
-    let output_profiles = config.output_profiles()?;
+    let initial_source = config::config_path().and_then(|path| std::fs::read_to_string(path).ok());
+    let config = match initial_source.as_deref() {
+        Some(source) => Config::parse_source(source)?,
+        None => Config::load()?,
+    };
     let mut event_loop = EventLoop::try_new()?;
     let signals = Signals::new(&[Signal::SIGINT, Signal::SIGTERM])?;
     event_loop
@@ -56,29 +59,55 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
             state.loop_signal.stop();
         })?;
     let display = Display::new()?;
-    let runtime = RuntimeConfig {
-        layout_mode: config.layout_mode(),
-        gap_config: config.gap_config()?,
-        input_settings,
-        bindings,
-        window_rules,
-        theme_settings: config.theme_settings()?,
-        default_column_width: config.default_column_width()?,
-        scrolling_focus_strategy: config.scrolling_focus_strategy(),
-        column_width_presets: config.width_presets()?,
-        animations_enabled: config.animations_enabled(),
-        animation_speed: config.animation_speed()?,
-        spring_config: config.spring_config()?,
-        viewport_spring_config: config.viewport_spring_config()?,
-        output_profiles,
-        wallpaper: config.wallpaper_settings(),
-        overview_font_family: config.overview_font_family(),
-    };
+    let runtime = config.runtime_config()?;
     let mut state = Ferese::new(&mut event_loop, display, runtime)?;
+    state.config_source = initial_source.filter(|source| source.len() <= 60 * 1024);
     backends::init(launch.backend, &mut event_loop, &mut state)?;
+    let mut monitor =
+        config::config_path().and_then(|path| match reload::ConfigMonitor::new(path) {
+            Ok(monitor) => Some(monitor),
+            Err(error) => {
+                warn!(%error, "automatic config watching unavailable; use feresectl reload-config");
+                None
+            }
+        });
+    use calloop::timer::{TimeoutAction, Timer};
+    event_loop.handle().insert_source(
+        Timer::from_duration(Duration::from_millis(150)),
+        move |_, _, state: &mut Ferese| {
+            // Decoders finish on a worker even when an idle DRM output has no
+            // pending frame. Wake rendering once, never continuously for wallpaper.
+            if state.wallpaper.poll() {
+                state.backdrop_generation = state.backdrop_generation.wrapping_add(1);
+                backends::direct::render_all(state);
+            }
+            if let Some(result) = monitor
+                .as_mut()
+                .and_then(|monitor| monitor.poll(std::time::Instant::now()))
+            {
+                if let Err(error) = result.and_then(|source| state.reload_config_source(source)) {
+                    warn!(%error, "config reload rejected; retaining last working config");
+                }
+            }
+            TimeoutAction::ToDuration(Duration::from_millis(150))
+        },
+    )?;
 
     info!(socket = ?state.socket_name, backend = ?launch.backend, "Ferese is accepting Wayland clients");
     let mut child = spawn_client(&mut state, launch.client, launch.client_capabilities);
+    let runner = std::rc::Rc::new(std::cell::RefCell::new(daemon::Runner::new(
+        &config.autostart,
+        launch.backend == backends::BackendKind::Nested,
+    )));
+    runner.borrow_mut().tick(&mut state);
+    let services = runner.clone();
+    event_loop.handle().insert_source(
+        Timer::from_duration(Duration::from_secs(1)),
+        move |_, _, state: &mut Ferese| {
+            services.borrow_mut().tick(state);
+            TimeoutAction::ToDuration(Duration::from_secs(1))
+        },
+    )?;
     let result = event_loop.run(None, &mut state, |state| {
         // All input/Wayland callbacks have returned, releasing seat locks.
         // Coalesce cursor changes and redraw here, never inside cursor_image.
@@ -93,6 +122,7 @@ fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
         }
     });
 
+    runner.borrow_mut().stop();
     if let Some(child) = &mut child {
         terminate_child(child);
     }
@@ -122,9 +152,9 @@ fn spawn_client(
     // Wallpaper decoding and drivers may already have worker threads. Set
     // the child's display explicitly instead of mutating the process env.
     command.env("WAYLAND_DISPLAY", &state.socket_name);
-    if state.wallpaper.owns_background() {
-        command.env("FERESE_COMPOSITOR_WALLPAPER", "1");
-    }
+    command.env_remove("WAYLAND_SOCKET");
+    command.env_remove("FERESE_SHELL_CONTROL_SOCKET");
+    command.env("FERESE_COMPOSITOR_WALLPAPER", "1");
     let private_connection = if capabilities.is_empty() {
         None
     } else {

compositor/src/overview.rs

@@ -103,6 +103,14 @@ fn centered_row_start(strip: Rect, count: usize, card_width: f64) -> f64 {
 }
 
 impl OverviewState {
+    pub(crate) fn set_font_family(&mut self, family: String) {
+        if self.font_family != family {
+            self.font_family = family;
+            self.font_loaded = false;
+            self.font = None;
+            self.labels.clear();
+        }
+    }
     pub(crate) fn with_font_family(font_family: String) -> Self {
         Self {
             font_family,

compositor/src/reload.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+//! Filesystem events only: idle timer ticks never read/stat the config.
+use notify::{RecommendedWatcher, RecursiveMode, Watcher};
+use std::{
+    io::Read,
+    path::PathBuf,
+    sync::mpsc,
+    time::{Duration, Instant},
+};
+
+fn read_source(path: &std::path::Path) -> Result<String, String> {
+    let file = std::fs::File::open(path).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    let mut source = String::new();
+    file.take(60 * 1024 + 1)
+        .read_to_string(&mut source)
+        .map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+    if source.len() > 60 * 1024 {
+        return Err("configuration exceeds the 60 KiB live-reload limit".into());
+    }
+    Ok(source)
+}
+
+pub(crate) struct ConfigMonitor {
+    _watcher: RecommendedWatcher,
+    events: mpsc::Receiver<()>,
+    path: PathBuf,
+    dirty: Option<Instant>,
+    observed: Option<String>,
+}
+impl ConfigMonitor {
+    pub(crate) fn new(path: PathBuf) -> notify::Result<Self> {
+        let (sender, events) = mpsc::sync_channel(1);
+        let target = path.clone();
+        let mut watcher =
+            notify::recommended_watcher(move |event: notify::Result<notify::Event>| {
+                if let Ok(event) = event
+                    && !event.kind.is_access()
+                    && event
+                        .paths
+                        .iter()
+                        .any(|p| p == &target || target.starts_with(p))
+                {
+                    let _ = sender.try_send(());
+                }
+            })?;
+        // Watch the directory, not the inode: atomic editor saves replace it.
+        let mut directory = path.parent().unwrap_or(std::path::Path::new("."));
+        while !directory.is_dir() {
+            directory = directory.parent().unwrap_or(std::path::Path::new("."));
+        }
+        watcher.watch(
+            directory,
+            if Some(directory) == path.parent() {
+                RecursiveMode::NonRecursive
+            } else {
+                RecursiveMode::Recursive
+            },
+        )?;
+        let initial_dirty = path.is_file().then(Instant::now);
+        Ok(Self {
+            _watcher: watcher,
+            events,
+            path,
+            dirty: initial_dirty,
+            observed: None,
+        })
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn poll(&mut self, now: Instant) -> Option<Result<String, String>> {
+        if self.events.try_iter().next().is_some() {
+            self.dirty = Some(now);
+        }
+        if self
+            .dirty
+            .is_none_or(|since| now.saturating_duration_since(since) < Duration::from_millis(120))
+        {
+            return None;
+        }
+        self.dirty = None;
+        let source = match read_source(&self.path) {
+            Ok(source) => source,
+            Err(error) => {
+                return Some(Err(format!(
+                    "{}: {error}; retaining active config",
+                    self.path.display()
+                )));
+            }
+        };
+        if self.observed.as_ref() == Some(&source) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        self.observed = Some(source.clone());
+        Some(Ok(source))
+    }
+}
+
+impl crate::Ferese {
+    pub(crate) fn reload_config_source(&mut self, source: String) -> Result<(), String> {
+        if source.len() > 60 * 1024 {
+            return Err("configuration exceeds the 60 KiB live-reload limit".into());
+        }
+        if self.config_source.as_ref() == Some(&source) {
+            return Ok(());
+        }
+        // Validate every runtime field before mutating any scene/input state.
+        let config = crate::config::Config::parse_source(&source).map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        let runtime = config.runtime_config().map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
+        self.apply_runtime_config(runtime)?;
+        self.config_source = Some(source.clone());
+        self.shell_resources.retain(|resource| {
+            if let Ok(shell) = resource.upgrade() {
+                if smithay::reexports::wayland_server::Resource::version(&shell) >= 2 {
+                    crate::shell_control::send_shell_config(&shell, &source);
+                }
+                true
+            } else {
+                false
+            }
+        });
+        tracing::info!("configuration reloaded live");
+        Ok(())
+    }
+    pub(crate) fn reload_config(&mut self) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let path = crate::config::config_path().ok_or("config directory is unavailable")?;
+        let source = read_source(&path)?;
+        self.reload_config_source(source)
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+    struct Directory(PathBuf);
+    impl Directory {
+        fn new() -> Self {
+            static NEXT: std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64 = std::sync::atomic::AtomicU64::new(0);
+            let path = std::env::temp_dir().join(format!(
+                "ferese-reload-test-{}-{}",
+                std::process::id(),
+                NEXT.fetch_add(1, std::sync::atomic::Ordering::Relaxed)
+            ));
+            std::fs::create_dir(&path).unwrap();
+            Self(path)
+        }
+    }
+    impl Drop for Directory {
+        fn drop(&mut self) {
+            let _ = std::fs::remove_dir_all(&self.0);
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn runtime_validation_rejects_bad_edits_before_application() {
+        for source in [
+            "[animations]\nspeed = 0",
+            "[theme.focus_ring.gradient]\nfrom = 'bad'\nto = '#ffffff'",
+            "[status]\nlow_battery_threshold = 'bad'",
+            "[layout]\ninner_gap = -1",
+        ] {
+            assert!(
+                crate::config::Config::parse_source(source)
+                    .and_then(|config| config.runtime_config())
+                    .is_err()
+            );
+        }
+        assert!(
+            crate::config::Config::parse_source("[animations]\nspeed = 0.75")
+                .unwrap()
+                .runtime_config()
+                .is_ok()
+        );
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn directory_watch_detects_atomic_save_and_does_not_read_during_idle() {
+        let directory = Directory::new();
+        let path = directory.0.join("config.toml");
+        std::fs::write(&path, "[animations]\nspeed = 1").unwrap();
+        let mut monitor = ConfigMonitor::new(path.clone()).unwrap();
+        monitor.dirty = Some(Instant::now() - Duration::from_secs(1));
+        assert!(monitor.poll(Instant::now()).unwrap().is_ok());
+        // With no event, even a deliberately missing path is never read.
+        let original_path = monitor.path.clone();
+        monitor.path = directory.0.join("missing");
+        assert!(monitor.poll(Instant::now()).is_none());
+        monitor.path = original_path;
+        let temporary = directory.0.join("config.toml.new");
+        std::fs::write(&temporary, "[animations]\nspeed = 0.75").unwrap();
+        std::fs::rename(&temporary, &path).unwrap();
+        let deadline = Instant::now() + Duration::from_secs(3);
+        loop {
+            if let Some(result) = monitor.poll(Instant::now()) {
+                assert_eq!(result.unwrap(), "[animations]\nspeed = 0.75");
+                break;
+            }
+            assert!(
+                Instant::now() < deadline,
+                "atomic save notification never settled"
+            );
+            std::thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(10));
+        }
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn source_size_limit_is_bounded_and_debounce_coalesces_edits() {
+        let directory = Directory::new();
+        let path = directory.0.join("config.toml");
+        std::fs::write(&path, "x".repeat(60 * 1024 + 1)).unwrap();
+        assert!(read_source(&path).is_err());
+        std::fs::write(&path, "[animations]\nspeed = 1").unwrap();
+        let mut monitor = ConfigMonitor::new(path).unwrap();
+        let now = Instant::now();
+        monitor.dirty = Some(now);
+        assert!(monitor.poll(now + Duration::from_millis(119)).is_none());
+        assert!(
+            monitor
+                .poll(now + Duration::from_millis(121))
+                .unwrap()
+                .is_ok()
+        );
+    }
+}

compositor/src/session_lock.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,211 @@
+use crate::Ferese;
+use smithay::{
+    output::Output,
+    reexports::{
+        wayland_protocols::ext::session_lock::v1::server::{
+            ext_session_lock_manager_v1::ExtSessionLockManagerV1,
+            ext_session_lock_surface_v1::ExtSessionLockSurfaceV1,
+            ext_session_lock_v1::{self, ExtSessionLockV1},
+        },
+        wayland_server::{
+            Client, DataInit, Dispatch, DisplayHandle, Resource, protocol::wl_output::WlOutput,
+        },
+    },
+    utils::{Logical, Point, SERIAL_COUNTER},
+    wayland::session_lock::{
+        LockSurface, SessionLockHandler, SessionLockManagerState, SessionLockState, SessionLocker,
+    },
+};
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+pub(crate) struct Lock {
+    pub active: bool,
+    owner: Option<ExtSessionLockV1>,
+    confirmation: Option<SessionLocker>,
+    pub surfaces: HashMap<Output, LockSurface>,
+    pub backgrounds: HashMap<Output, smithay::backend::renderer::element::solid::SolidColorBuffer>,
+    presented: HashSet<Output>,
+    confirmed: bool,
+}
+
+impl Ferese {
+    pub(crate) fn lock_surface_under(
+        &self,
+        position: Point<f64, Logical>,
+    ) -> Option<(
+        smithay::reexports::wayland_server::protocol::wl_surface::WlSurface,
+        Point<f64, Logical>,
+    )> {
+        let output = self.space.output_under(position).next()?;
+        let surface = self.session_lock.surfaces.get(output)?;
+        surface.alive().then(|| {
+            (
+                surface.wl_surface().clone(),
+                self.space.output_geometry(output).unwrap().loc.to_f64(),
+            )
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn focus_lock_surface(&mut self) {
+        let surface = self
+            .focused_output()
+            .and_then(|output| self.session_lock.surfaces.get(output))
+            .or_else(|| {
+                self.session_lock
+                    .surfaces
+                    .values()
+                    .find(|surface| surface.alive())
+            })
+            .filter(|surface| surface.alive())
+            .map(|surface| surface.wl_surface().clone());
+        self.seat
+            .get_keyboard()
+            .unwrap()
+            .set_focus(self, surface, SERIAL_COUNTER.next_serial());
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lock_frame_presented(&mut self, output: &Output) {
+        if !self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.session_lock.presented.insert(output.clone());
+        if self
+            .space
+            .outputs()
+            .all(|output| self.session_lock.presented.contains(output))
+        {
+            if let Some(confirmation) = self.session_lock.confirmation.take() {
+                if confirmation.ext_session_lock().is_alive() {
+                    confirmation.lock();
+                    self.session_lock.confirmed = true;
+                    tracing::info!("session lock confirmed after safe output frames");
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn configure_lock_surfaces(&mut self) {
+        for (output, surface) in &self.session_lock.surfaces {
+            if let Some(geometry) = self.space.output_geometry(output) {
+                surface.with_pending_state(|state| {
+                    state.size = Some((geometry.size.w as u32, geometry.size.h as u32).into())
+                });
+                surface.send_configure();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub(crate) fn lock_frame_callbacks(&self, output: &Output) {
+        if let Some(surface) = self
+            .session_lock
+            .surfaces
+            .get(output)
+            .filter(|surface| surface.alive())
+        {
+            smithay::desktop::utils::send_frames_surface_tree(
+                surface.wl_surface(),
+                output,
+                self.start_time.elapsed(),
+                Some(std::time::Duration::ZERO),
+                |_, _| Some(output.clone()),
+            );
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl SessionLockHandler for Ferese {
+    fn lock_state(&mut self) -> &mut SessionLockManagerState {
+        &mut self.session_lock_state
+    }
+    fn lock(&mut self, confirmation: SessionLocker) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
+        self.session_lock.active = true;
+        self.session_lock.owner = Some(confirmation.ext_session_lock().clone());
+        self.session_lock.confirmation = Some(confirmation);
+        for capture in self.pending_screencopies.drain(..) {
+            capture.frame.failed();
+        }
+        self.set_overview_active(false);
+        let serial = SERIAL_COUNTER.next_serial();
+        if let Some(pointer) = self.seat.get_pointer() {
+            pointer.unset_grab(self, serial, 0);
+            pointer.motion(
+                self,
+                None,
+                &smithay::input::pointer::MotionEvent {
+                    location: pointer.current_location(),
+                    serial,
+                    time: 0,
+                },
+            );
+            pointer.frame(self);
+        }
+        if let Some(touch) = self.seat.get_touch() {
+            touch.unset_grab(self);
+            touch.cancel(self);
+        }
+        let keyboard = self.seat.get_keyboard().unwrap();
+        keyboard.unset_grab(self);
+        keyboard.set_focus(self, None, serial);
+        self.intercepted_keys.clear();
+        crate::backends::direct::render_all(self);
+    }
+    fn unlock(&mut self) {
+        self.session_lock = Lock::default();
+        self.restore_keyboard_focus();
+        crate::backends::direct::render_all(self);
+        tracing::info!("session unlocked by lock owner");
+    }
+    fn new_surface(&mut self, surface: LockSurface, output: WlOutput) {
+        if let Some(output) = Output::from_resource(&output) {
+            if let Some(geometry) = self.space.output_geometry(&output) {
+                surface.with_pending_state(|state| {
+                    state.size = Some((geometry.size.w as u32, geometry.size.h as u32).into())
+                });
+                self.session_lock.surfaces.insert(output, surface);
+                self.focus_lock_surface();
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// Smithay delegates unlock even after posting InvalidUnlock. Check ownership
+// and confirmation first so a rejected/unfinished lock cannot unlock the owner.
+impl Dispatch<ExtSessionLockV1, SessionLockState> for Ferese {
+    fn request(
+        state: &mut Self,
+        client: &Client,
+        lock: &ExtSessionLockV1,
+        request: ext_session_lock_v1::Request,
+        data: &SessionLockState,
+        display: &DisplayHandle,
+        data_init: &mut DataInit<'_, Self>,
+    ) {
+        let owner = state.session_lock.owner.as_ref() == Some(lock);
+        if matches!(request, ext_session_lock_v1::Request::UnlockAndDestroy)
+            && (!owner || !state.session_lock.confirmed)
+        {
+            lock.post_error(
+                ext_session_lock_v1::Error::InvalidUnlock,
+                "lock not confirmed or not the active owner",
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+        if matches!(request, ext_session_lock_v1::Request::GetLockSurface { .. }) && !owner {
+            lock.post_error(
+                ext_session_lock_v1::Error::InvalidUnlock,
+                "not the active lock owner",
+            );
+            return;
+        }
+        <SessionLockManagerState as Dispatch<ExtSessionLockV1, SessionLockState, Ferese>>::request(
+            state, client, lock, request, data, display, data_init,
+        );
+    }
+}
+smithay::reexports::wayland_server::delegate_global_dispatch!(Ferese: [ExtSessionLockManagerV1: smithay::wayland::session_lock::SessionLockManagerGlobalData] => SessionLockManagerState);
+smithay::reexports::wayland_server::delegate_dispatch!(Ferese: [ExtSessionLockManagerV1: ()] => SessionLockManagerState);
+smithay::reexports::wayland_server::delegate_dispatch!(Ferese: [ExtSessionLockSurfaceV1: smithay::wayland::session_lock::ExtLockSurfaceUserData] => SessionLockManagerState);

compositor/src/shell_control.rs

@@ -14,7 +14,28 @@ use smithay::{
 use crate::{Ferese, private_client::ClientCapabilities, state::ClientState};
 
 pub(crate) fn init_global(display: &DisplayHandle) {
-    display.create_global::<Ferese, FereseShellManagerV1, _>(1, ());
+    display.create_global::<Ferese, FereseShellManagerV1, _>(2, ());
+}
+
+pub(crate) fn config_chunks(source: &str) -> Vec<&str> {
+    let mut remaining = source;
+    let mut chunks = Vec::new();
+    while !remaining.is_empty() {
+        let mut boundary = remaining.len().min(1024);
+        while !remaining.is_char_boundary(boundary) {
+            boundary -= 1;
+        }
+        chunks.push(&remaining[..boundary]);
+        remaining = &remaining[boundary..];
+    }
+    chunks
+}
+pub(crate) fn send_shell_config(shell: &FereseShellV1, source: &str) {
+    shell.config_begin();
+    for chunk in config_chunks(source) {
+        shell.config_chunk(chunk.to_owned());
+    }
+    shell.config_end();
 }
 
 impl GlobalDispatch<FereseShellManagerV1, ()> for Ferese {
@@ -53,6 +74,11 @@ impl Dispatch<FereseShellManagerV1, ()> for Ferese {
                 let shell = data_init.init(id, ());
 
                 shell.capabilities(1);
+                if shell.version() >= 2
+                    && let Some(source) = &state.config_source
+                {
+                    send_shell_config(&shell, source);
+                }
                 shell.overview_state(u32::from(state.overview.is_active()));
                 state.send_shell_snapshot(&shell);
                 state.shell_resources.push(shell.downgrade());
@@ -73,6 +99,9 @@ impl Dispatch<FereseShellV1, ()> for Ferese {
         _display: &DisplayHandle,
         _data_init: &mut DataInit<'_, Self>,
     ) {
+        if state.session_lock.active {
+            return;
+        }
         match request {
             ferese_shell_v1::Request::ActivateWindow {
                 window_hi,
@@ -371,6 +400,19 @@ fn send_request_failed(shell: &FereseShellV1, request: ferese_shell_v1::FailedRe
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn config_chunks_are_bounded_and_preserve_unicode() {
+        let source = "abc🌲é".repeat(9000);
+        let chunks = config_chunks(&source);
+        assert!(
+            chunks
+                .iter()
+                .all(|chunk| !chunk.is_empty() && chunk.len() <= 1024)
+        );
+        assert_eq!(chunks.concat(), source);
+        assert!(config_chunks("").is_empty());
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn window_ids_round_trip_through_protocol_words() {
         for id in [0, 1, u32::MAX as u64, u64::from(u32::MAX) + 1, u64::MAX] {

compositor/src/stacking.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,17 @@
 use ferese_layout::WindowId;
 
+pub(crate) fn layer_priority(floating: bool, zooming: bool, fullscreen: bool) -> u8 {
+    if fullscreen {
+        3
+    } else if floating {
+        2
+    } else if zooming {
+        1
+    } else {
+        0
+    }
+}
+
 /// Persistent back-to-front order. Geometry updates never change this order.
 #[derive(Default)]
 pub(crate) struct WindowStack {
@@ -34,6 +46,13 @@ impl WindowStack {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn floating_windows_stay_above_tiled_and_maximized_windows() {
+        assert!(layer_priority(true, false, false) > layer_priority(false, true, false));
+        assert!(layer_priority(false, true, false) > layer_priority(false, false, false));
+        assert!(layer_priority(false, false, true) > layer_priority(true, false, false));
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn remapping_neighbours_does_not_change_order() {
         let mut stack = WindowStack::default();

compositor/src/state.rs

@@ -107,6 +107,9 @@ impl ClosingAnimation {
 }
 
 pub struct Ferese {
+    pub(crate) session_lock_state: smithay::wayland::session_lock::SessionLockManagerState,
+    pub(crate) session_lock: crate::session_lock::Lock,
+    pub(crate) config_source: Option<String>,
     pub start_time: Instant,
     pub socket_name: OsString,
     pub display_handle: DisplayHandle,
@@ -125,10 +128,12 @@ pub struct Ferese {
     maximized_windows: HashSet<WindowId>,
     maximized_column_widths: HashMap<WindowId, ColumnWidth>,
     window_stack: crate::stacking::WindowStack,
+    natural_floating_pending: HashSet<WindowId>,
     pub(crate) window_borders: HashMap<WindowId, crate::winit::WindowBorderBuffers>,
     pub(crate) window_dims: HashMap<WindowId, crate::winit::WindowBorderBuffers>,
     pub(crate) window_resize_fills: HashMap<WindowId, crate::winit::WindowBorderBuffers>,
     pub(crate) window_dimming: HashMap<WindowId, crate::dimming::DimAnimation>,
+    pub(crate) window_focus: HashMap<WindowId, crate::dimming::DimAnimation>,
     pub(crate) window_shadows: HashMap<WindowId, crate::winit::WindowShadowBuffers>,
     pub(crate) rounded_clip_programs: HashMap<ErasedContextId, crate::winit::RoundedClipPrograms>,
     pub(crate) overview_scrims: HashMap<OutputId, crate::winit::OverviewScrim>,
@@ -178,6 +183,11 @@ pub struct Ferese {
     next_output_id: u64,
     last_animation_tick: Instant,
     pub popups: PopupManager,
+    pub(crate) dismissing_popups: Vec<(
+        WlSurface,
+        smithay::desktop::PopupKind,
+        crate::dimming::DimAnimation,
+    )>,
     pub seat: Seat<Self>,
     pub alpha_modifier_state: AlphaModifierState,
     pub compositor_state: CompositorState,
@@ -227,6 +237,65 @@ pub struct RuntimeConfig {
 }
 
 impl Ferese {
+    pub(crate) fn apply_runtime_config(&mut self, config: RuntimeConfig) -> Result<(), String> {
+        let keyboard_changed = self.input_settings.xkb_layout != config.input_settings.xkb_layout
+            || self.input_settings.xkb_variant != config.input_settings.xkb_variant
+            || self.input_settings.xkb_options != config.input_settings.xkb_options;
+        if let Some(keyboard) = self.seat.get_keyboard() {
+            if keyboard_changed {
+                let options = (!config.input_settings.xkb_options.is_empty())
+                    .then(|| config.input_settings.xkb_options.join(","));
+                keyboard
+                    .set_xkb_config(
+                        self,
+                        XkbConfig {
+                            layout: &config.input_settings.xkb_layout,
+                            variant: &config.input_settings.xkb_variant,
+                            options,
+                            ..XkbConfig::default()
+                        },
+                    )
+                    .map_err(|e| format!("keymap reload failed: {e}"))?;
+            }
+            keyboard.change_repeat_info(
+                config.input_settings.repeat_rate,
+                config.input_settings.repeat_delay_ms,
+            );
+        }
+        self.advance_animations(Instant::now());
+        if self.input_settings.touchpad != config.input_settings.touchpad {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "touchpad changes apply when the device reconnects or the session restarts"
+            );
+        }
+        if self.output_profiles != config.output_profiles {
+            tracing::warn!(
+                "output profile changes apply on output reconnect; current modes are preserved"
+            );
+        }
+        self.workspaces.reconfigure_defaults(
+            config.layout_mode,
+            config.default_column_width,
+            config.scrolling_focus_strategy,
+        );
+        self.gap_config = config.gap_config;
+        self.input_settings = config.input_settings;
+        self.bindings = config.bindings;
+        self.window_rules = config.window_rules;
+        self.theme_settings = config.theme_settings;
+        self.column_width_presets = config.column_width_presets;
+        self.animations_enabled = config.animations_enabled;
+        self.animation_speed = config.animation_speed;
+        self.spring_config = config.spring_config;
+        self.viewport_spring_config = config.viewport_spring_config;
+        self.output_profiles = config.output_profiles;
+        self.overview.set_font_family(config.overview_font_family);
+        self.wallpaper.reload(config.wallpaper);
+        self.backdrop_generation = self.backdrop_generation.wrapping_add(1);
+        self.relayout();
+        crate::backends::direct::render_all(self);
+        Ok(())
+    }
     pub fn register_output(&mut self, output: &Output, identity: String) {
         let Some(geometry) = self.space.output_geometry(output) else {
             tracing::error!(output = %output.name(), "cannot register an unmapped output");
@@ -286,6 +355,8 @@ impl Ferese {
             }
         });
         self.space.unmap_output(output);
+        self.session_lock.surfaces.remove(output);
+        self.session_lock.backgrounds.remove(output);
 
         match self.output_workspaces.disconnect(output_id) {
             Ok(Some(target)) => {
@@ -406,6 +477,10 @@ impl Ferese {
         let fractional_scale_state = FractionalScaleManagerState::new::<Self>(&display_handle);
         let idle_inhibit_state = IdleInhibitManagerState::new::<Self>(&display_handle);
         let idle_notifier_state = IdleNotifierState::new(&display_handle, event_loop.handle());
+        let session_lock_state = smithay::wayland::session_lock::SessionLockManagerState::new::<
+            Self,
+            _,
+        >(&display_handle, |_| true);
         let input_method_enabled =
             std::env::var_os("FERESE_ENABLE_INPUT_METHOD").is_some_and(|value| value == "1");
         let input_method_manager_state =
@@ -456,6 +531,9 @@ impl Ferese {
         let named_cursors = HashMap::from([(CursorIcon::Default, default_cursor)]);
 
         let mut state = Self {
+            session_lock_state,
+            session_lock: crate::session_lock::Lock::default(),
+            config_source: None,
             start_time,
             socket_name,
             display_handle,
@@ -478,10 +556,12 @@ impl Ferese {
             maximized_windows: HashSet::new(),
             maximized_column_widths: HashMap::new(),
             window_stack: crate::stacking::WindowStack::default(),
+            natural_floating_pending: HashSet::new(),
             window_borders: HashMap::new(),
             window_dims: HashMap::new(),
             window_resize_fills: HashMap::new(),
             window_dimming: HashMap::new(),
+            window_focus: HashMap::new(),
             window_shadows: HashMap::new(),
             rounded_clip_programs: HashMap::new(),
             overview_scrims: HashMap::new(),
@@ -525,6 +605,7 @@ impl Ferese {
             next_output_id: 1,
             last_animation_tick: start_time,
             popups: PopupManager::default(),
+            dismissing_popups: Vec::new(),
             seat,
             alpha_modifier_state,
             compositor_state,
@@ -588,6 +669,9 @@ impl Ferese {
         &self,
         position: Point<f64, Logical>,
     ) -> Option<(WlSurface, Point<f64, Logical>)> {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return self.lock_surface_under(position);
+        }
         self.layer_surface_under(position, &[Layer::Overlay, Layer::Top])
             .map(|(_, surface, origin)| (surface, origin))
             .or_else(|| self.window_surface_under(position))
@@ -601,6 +685,9 @@ impl Ferese {
         &self,
         position: Point<f64, Logical>,
     ) -> Option<(LayerSurface, WlSurface, Point<f64, Logical>)> {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            return None;
+        }
         if let Some(layer) = self.layer_surface_under(position, &[Layer::Overlay, Layer::Top]) {
             return Some(layer);
         }
@@ -739,9 +826,18 @@ impl Ferese {
         let mut windows = self.space.elements().cloned().collect::<Vec<_>>();
         windows.sort_by_key(|window| {
             let id = self.window_ids.get(window).copied();
-            let priority = id
-                .and_then(|id| self.window_geometry.get(&id))
-                .is_some_and(|geometry| geometry.is_fullscreen() || geometry.is_zooming());
+            let geometry = id.and_then(|id| self.window_geometry.get(&id));
+            let floating = id.is_some_and(|id| {
+                matches!(
+                    self.workspaces.placement(id),
+                    Some(WindowPlacement::Floating { .. })
+                )
+            });
+            let priority = crate::stacking::layer_priority(
+                floating,
+                geometry.is_some_and(|geometry| geometry.is_zooming()),
+                geometry.is_some_and(|geometry| geometry.is_fullscreen()),
+            );
             (
                 priority,
                 id.map_or(usize::MAX, |id| self.window_stack.rank(id)),
@@ -891,6 +987,13 @@ impl Ferese {
                 Some(WindowPlacement::Floating { .. })
             );
             let mut rect = centered_floating_rect(bounds);
+            if should_float && rule.width.is_none() && rule.height.is_none() {
+                if let Some(size) = client_size(window) {
+                    rect = natural_floating_rect(bounds, size);
+                } else {
+                    self.natural_floating_pending.insert(id);
+                }
+            }
             rect.width = rule.width.unwrap_or(rect.width).min(bounds.width);
             rect.height = rule.height.unwrap_or(rect.height).min(bounds.height);
             rect.x = bounds.x + (bounds.width - rect.width) / 2.0;
@@ -974,9 +1077,11 @@ impl Ferese {
         self.maximized_windows.remove(&id);
         self.maximized_column_widths.remove(&id);
         self.window_stack.remove(id);
+        self.natural_floating_pending.remove(&id);
         self.window_borders.remove(&id);
         self.window_dims.remove(&id);
         self.window_dimming.remove(&id);
+        self.window_focus.remove(&id);
         self.window_shadows.remove(&id);
         self.closing_windows.remove(&id);
         self.window_rules_applied.remove(&id);
@@ -994,6 +1099,9 @@ impl Ferese {
     }
 
     pub fn relayout(&mut self) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            self.configure_lock_surfaces();
+        }
         // Consume idle time before setting new targets; it must not become a
         // large first animation step after a keypress on an idle desktop.
         self.advance_animations(Instant::now());
@@ -1214,12 +1322,21 @@ impl Ferese {
                 }
             }
             let visual = geometry.visual.current;
+            let natural_pending = self.natural_floating_pending.contains(&id)
+                && is_floating
+                && !is_fullscreen
+                && !is_maximized;
+            if natural_pending {
+                requested_size = None;
+            }
             let location = (visual.x.round() as i32, visual.y.round() as i32);
 
             self.space.map_element(window.clone(), location, false);
             if let Some(toplevel) = window.toplevel() {
                 let state_changed = toplevel.with_pending_state(|state| {
-                    if let Some(size) = requested_size {
+                    if natural_pending {
+                        state.size = None;
+                    } else if let Some(size) = requested_size {
                         state.size = Some((size.width, size.height).into());
                     }
 
@@ -1258,7 +1375,7 @@ impl Ferese {
                     fullscreen_changed || maximized_changed || tiled_changed || decoration_changed
                 });
 
-                if requested_size.is_some() || state_changed {
+                if natural_pending || requested_size.is_some() || state_changed {
                     if let Some(serial) = toplevel.send_pending_configure()
                         && requested_size.is_some()
                         && had_geometry
@@ -1327,6 +1444,19 @@ impl Ferese {
             })
             .collect::<Vec<_>>();
         let mut active_animation = false;
+        self.dismissing_popups.retain_mut(|(root, popup, motion)| {
+            if !smithay::utils::IsAlive::alive(popup.wl_surface()) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            let duration = if self.animations_enabled { 140.0 } else { 0.0 };
+            let active = motion.advance_visual(0.0, delta, duration);
+            crate::effects::fade_dismissed_surface(popup.wl_surface(), motion.current);
+            active_animation |= active;
+            if !active {
+                let _ = PopupManager::dismiss_popup(root, popup);
+            }
+            active
+        });
 
         let dim_settings = self.theme_settings.inactive_dim;
         let duration = if self.animations_enabled {
@@ -1335,6 +1465,22 @@ impl Ferese {
             0.0
         };
         let mut dim_changed = false;
+        // Include hidden workspace windows: overview can present them too.
+        for id in self.window_ids.values().copied().collect::<Vec<_>>() {
+            let selected = if self.overview.is_active() {
+                self.overview_selected(id)
+            } else {
+                self.focused_window == Some(id)
+            };
+            let target = if selected { 1.0 } else { 0.0 };
+            let focus = self
+                .window_focus
+                .entry(id)
+                .or_insert_with(|| crate::dimming::DimAnimation::new(target));
+            let previous = focus.current;
+            active_animation |= focus.advance_visual(target, delta, duration);
+            dim_changed |= previous != focus.current;
+        }
         for (_, id) in &windows {
             let target = crate::dimming::target(
                 dim_settings,
@@ -1347,7 +1493,7 @@ impl Ferese {
                 .entry(*id)
                 .or_insert_with(|| crate::dimming::DimAnimation::new(target));
             let previous = dim.current;
-            active_animation |= dim.advance(target, delta, duration);
+            active_animation |= dim.advance_visual(target, delta, duration);
             dim_changed |= previous != dim.current;
         }
 
@@ -1504,6 +1650,7 @@ impl Ferese {
                 );
             }
             if let Some(size) = geometry.presentation_size_request(self.start_time.elapsed())
+                && !self.natural_floating_pending.contains(&id)
                 && let Some(toplevel) = window.toplevel()
             {
                 toplevel.with_pending_state(|state| {
@@ -1625,7 +1772,7 @@ impl Ferese {
     }
 
     pub fn record_client_commit(&mut self, window: &Window) {
-        let Some(id) = self.window_ids.get(window) else {
+        let Some(&id) = self.window_ids.get(window) else {
             return;
         };
         // current_serial is promoted by Smithay on commit, unlike
@@ -1640,15 +1787,32 @@ impl Ferese {
         });
         if self
             .resize_transactions
-            .get(id)
+            .get(&id)
             .is_some_and(|transaction| transaction.accepts(committed_serial))
         {
-            self.resize_transactions.remove(id);
+            self.resize_transactions.remove(&id);
         }
         let Some(size) = client_size(window) else {
             return;
         };
-        let Some(geometry) = self.window_geometry.get_mut(id) else {
+        if self.natural_floating_pending.remove(&id)
+            && matches!(
+                self.workspaces.placement(id),
+                Some(WindowPlacement::Floating { .. })
+            )
+            && let Some(bounds) = self.floating_bounds_for_window(id)
+        {
+            let rect = natural_floating_rect(bounds, size);
+            if self.workspaces.set_floating_rect(id, rect).is_ok() {
+                // This is the first mapped client buffer, not a user resize.
+                // Do not animate from the temporary placement box.
+                self.window_geometry
+                    .insert(id, WindowGeometry::new(rect, Some(size)));
+                self.resize_transactions.remove(&id);
+                self.relayout();
+            }
+        }
+        let Some(geometry) = self.window_geometry.get_mut(&id) else {
             return;
         };
 
@@ -2204,6 +2368,10 @@ impl Ferese {
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn restore_keyboard_focus(&mut self) {
+        if self.session_lock.active {
+            self.focus_lock_surface();
+            return;
+        }
         let surface = self.focused_window.and_then(|focused| {
             self.window_ids.iter().find_map(|(window, id)| {
                 (*id == focused)
@@ -2226,6 +2394,18 @@ impl Ferese {
         self.output_bounds_for(output)
     }
 
+    fn floating_bounds_for_window(&self, window: WindowId) -> Option<Rect> {
+        let output_id = self
+            .workspaces
+            .workspace_for_window(window)
+            .and_then(|workspace| self.output_workspaces.output_for_workspace(workspace));
+        self.output_ids
+            .iter()
+            .find(|(_, id)| Some(**id) == output_id)
+            .and_then(|(output, _)| self.output_bounds_for(output))
+            .or_else(|| self.output_bounds())
+    }
+
     pub(crate) fn output_bounds_for(&self, output: &Output) -> Option<Rect> {
         let geometry = self.space.output_geometry(output)?;
         let zone = layer_map_for_output(output).non_exclusive_zone();
@@ -2339,6 +2519,17 @@ fn centered_floating_rect(bounds: Rect) -> Rect {
     )
 }
 
+fn natural_floating_rect(bounds: Rect, size: ClientSize) -> Rect {
+    let width = f64::from(size.width).clamp(1.0, bounds.width.max(1.0));
+    let height = f64::from(size.height).clamp(1.0, bounds.height.max(1.0));
+    Rect::new(
+        bounds.x + (bounds.width - width) / 2.0,
+        bounds.y + (bounds.height - height) / 2.0,
+        width,
+        height,
+    )
+}
+
 fn smoothstep(progress: f64) -> f64 {
     let progress = progress.clamp(0.0, 1.0);
 
@@ -2394,6 +2585,20 @@ impl ClientData for ClientState {
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
 
+    #[test]
+    fn floating_dialog_keeps_its_client_size_not_workspace_proportion() {
+        assert_eq!(
+            natural_floating_rect(
+                Rect::new(100.0, 48.0, 1600.0, 900.0),
+                ClientSize {
+                    width: 400,
+                    height: 200
+                }
+            ),
+            Rect::new(700.0, 398.0, 400.0, 200.0)
+        );
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn maximization_respects_layer_exclusion_and_outer_gaps() {
         assert_eq!(

compositor/src/wallpaper.rs

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ use smithay::{
 };
 use std::{collections::HashMap, path::PathBuf, sync::mpsc};
 
-#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize)]
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Default, Deserialize, PartialEq)]
 pub(crate) struct WallpaperConfig {
     pub path: Option<PathBuf>,
     #[serde(default)]
@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ struct WallpaperTexture {
     id: Id,
 }
 pub(crate) struct WallpaperState {
+    config: WallpaperConfig,
+    pending: Option<WallpaperConfig>,
+    commit: CommitCounter,
     owned: bool,
     mode: WallpaperMode,
     receiver: Option<mpsc::Receiver<Result<image::RgbaImage, String>>>,
@@ -45,6 +48,7 @@ pub(crate) struct WallpaperState {
 
 impl WallpaperState {
     pub fn new(config: WallpaperConfig) -> Self {
+        let retained = config.clone();
         let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
         let owned = config.path.as_ref().is_some_and(|path| path.is_file());
         if owned {
@@ -64,6 +68,9 @@ impl WallpaperState {
             });
         }
         Self {
+            config: retained,
+            pending: None,
+            commit: CommitCounter::default(),
             owned,
             mode: config.mode,
             receiver: owned.then_some(receiver),
@@ -71,9 +78,38 @@ impl WallpaperState {
             textures: HashMap::new(),
         }
     }
+    #[cfg(test)]
     pub fn owns_background(&self) -> bool {
         self.owned
     }
+    pub fn reload(&mut self, config: WallpaperConfig) {
+        if self.receiver.is_some() {
+            self.pending = (self.config != config).then_some(config);
+            return;
+        }
+        if self.config == config {
+            return;
+        }
+        if self.config.path == config.path {
+            self.mode = config.mode;
+            self.config = config;
+            self.commit.increment();
+            return;
+        }
+        if config.path.as_ref().is_some_and(|path| !path.is_file()) {
+            tracing::warn!("new wallpaper is unavailable; retaining previous image");
+            return;
+        }
+        let mut replacement = Self::new(config);
+        self.config = replacement.config;
+        self.mode = replacement.mode;
+        self.owned = replacement.owned;
+        self.receiver = replacement.receiver.take();
+        if self.config.path.is_none() {
+            self.pixels = None;
+            self.textures.clear();
+        }
+    }
     pub fn forget_context(&mut self, context: &ErasedContextId) {
         self.textures.remove(context);
     }
@@ -84,6 +120,14 @@ impl WallpaperState {
         match receiver.try_recv() {
             Ok(result) => {
                 self.receiver = None;
+                if let Some(pending) = self.pending.take() {
+                    if pending.path != self.config.path {
+                        self.reload(pending);
+                        return true;
+                    }
+                    self.config = pending;
+                    self.mode = self.config.mode;
+                }
                 match result {
                     Ok(pixels) => {
                         tracing::info!(
@@ -93,6 +137,8 @@ impl WallpaperState {
                             "decoded compositor wallpaper once"
                         );
                         self.pixels = Some(pixels);
+                        self.textures.clear();
+                        self.commit.increment();
                     }
                     Err(error) => {
                         tracing::warn!(%error, "wallpaper unavailable; using output clear color")
@@ -147,7 +193,7 @@ impl WallpaperState {
         );
         Some(NativeTextureElement {
             id: cached.id.clone(),
-            commit: CommitCounter::default(),
+            commit: self.commit,
             texture: cached.texture.clone(),
             geometry,
             source,
@@ -204,6 +250,44 @@ fn image_geometry(
 mod tests {
     use super::*;
     #[test]
+    fn live_reload_coalesces_decoders_and_mode_changes_invalidate_damage() {
+        let mut state = WallpaperState::new(WallpaperConfig::default());
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
+        state.receiver = Some(receiver);
+        state.reload(WallpaperConfig {
+            path: None,
+            mode: WallpaperMode::Fit,
+        });
+        assert!(state.receiver.is_some());
+        let before = state.commit;
+        sender.send(Ok(image::RgbaImage::new(2, 2))).unwrap();
+        assert!(state.poll());
+        assert_eq!(state.mode, WallpaperMode::Fit);
+        assert!(state.pixels.is_some());
+        assert_ne!(state.commit, before);
+        assert!(state.receiver.is_none());
+        let before = state.commit;
+        state.reload(state.config.clone());
+        assert_eq!(state.commit, before);
+    }
+    #[test]
+    fn reverting_a_pending_reload_keeps_latest_request_and_failed_decode_keeps_pixels() {
+        let mut state = WallpaperState::new(WallpaperConfig::default());
+        state.pixels = Some(image::RgbaImage::new(2, 2));
+        let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
+        state.receiver = Some(receiver);
+        state.reload(WallpaperConfig {
+            path: None,
+            mode: WallpaperMode::Fit,
+        });
+        state.reload(WallpaperConfig::default());
+        assert!(state.pending.is_none());
+        sender.send(Err("bad image".into())).unwrap();
+        assert!(state.poll());
+        assert!(state.pixels.is_some());
+        assert_eq!(state.mode, WallpaperMode::Fill);
+    }
+    #[test]
     fn fill_crops_and_fit_letterboxes_without_reallocating_image() {
         let (geometry, source) = image_geometry(
             (3840, 2160).into(),

compositor/src/winit.rs

@@ -85,6 +85,7 @@ render_elements! {
     Surface=SurfaceRenderElement,
     Memory=MemoryRenderElement,
     Solid=SolidColorRenderElement,
+    LockSurface=WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<GlesRenderer>,
     Border=PixelShaderElement,
     Blur=BlurRenderElement,
     Effect=PhysicalShaderElement,
@@ -226,13 +227,19 @@ void main() {
 "#;
 
 const ROUNDED_BORDER_SHADER: &str = r#"
-precision mediump float;
+precision highp float;
 
 uniform float alpha;
 uniform vec4 clip_rect;
 uniform float radius;
 uniform float border_width;
 uniform vec4 border_color;
+uniform vec4 border_color_to;
+uniform vec4 gradient_line;
+uniform vec4 focus_color;
+uniform vec4 focus_color_to;
+uniform vec4 focus_gradient_line;
+uniform float focus_mix;
 varying vec2 v_coords;
 
 #if defined(DEBUG_FLAGS)
@@ -257,8 +264,15 @@ void main() {
         - inner_radius;
     float inner_coverage = 1.0 - smoothstep(-0.5, 0.5, inner_signed_distance);
     float coverage = max(outer_coverage - inner_coverage, 0.0);
-    vec4 color = vec4(border_color.rgb * border_color.a, border_color.a)
-        * coverage * alpha;
+    float progress = clamp(dot(gl_FragCoord.xy - gradient_line.xy, gradient_line.zw), 0.0, 1.0);
+    // Interpolate premultiplied endpoints: a transparent endpoint must not
+    // leak its RGB into the visible border or create a dark halo.
+    vec4 from = vec4(border_color.rgb * border_color.a, border_color.a);
+    vec4 to = vec4(border_color_to.rgb * border_color_to.a, border_color_to.a);
+    float focus_progress = clamp(dot(gl_FragCoord.xy - focus_gradient_line.xy, focus_gradient_line.zw), 0.0, 1.0);
+    vec4 focus_from = vec4(focus_color.rgb * focus_color.a, focus_color.a);
+    vec4 focus_to = vec4(focus_color_to.rgb * focus_color_to.a, focus_color_to.a);
+    vec4 color = mix(mix(from, to, progress), mix(focus_from, focus_to, focus_progress), focus_mix) * coverage * alpha;
 
 #if defined(DEBUG_FLAGS)
     if (tint == 1.0)
@@ -357,13 +371,14 @@ uniform vec4 visible_rect;
 uniform float material_radius;
 uniform vec2 texture_size;
 uniform float blur_radius;
+uniform float presentation_alpha;
 uniform vec4 tint;
 varying vec2 v_coords;
 void main() {
     vec2 half_size = visible_rect.zw * 0.5;
     vec2 d = abs(gl_FragCoord.xy - visible_rect.xy - half_size) - (half_size - vec2(material_radius));
     float sdf = length(max(d, 0.0)) + min(max(d.x, d.y), 0.0) - material_radius;
-    float coverage = alpha * (1.0 - smoothstep(-0.5, 0.5, sdf));
+    float coverage = alpha * presentation_alpha * (1.0 - smoothstep(-0.5, 0.5, sdf));
     if (coverage <= 0.0) { gl_FragColor = vec4(0.0); return; }
     // Denser Gaussian sampling preserves the same radius and softness without
     // the visible grid left by widely spaced taps on detailed wallpapers.
@@ -562,6 +577,7 @@ pub(crate) struct MaterialProgram(GlesPixelProgram);
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, PartialEq)]
 struct MaterialParameters {
+    presentation_alpha: f32,
     blur: f32,
     scene_generation: u64,
     sample_geometry: Rectangle<i32, Logical>,
@@ -604,6 +620,12 @@ struct BorderParameters {
     radius: f32,
     width: f32,
     color: [f32; 4],
+    color_to: [f32; 4],
+    gradient_line: [f32; 4],
+    focus_color: [f32; 4],
+    focus_color_to: [f32; 4],
+    focus_gradient_line: [f32; 4],
+    focus_mix: f32,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
@@ -902,6 +924,9 @@ pub fn init(event_loop: &mut EventLoop<Ferese>, state: &mut Ferese) -> Result<()
                         state.loop_signal.stop();
                         return;
                     }
+                    if state.session_lock.active {
+                        state.lock_frame_presented(&output);
+                    }
                     let elapsed = render_started.elapsed();
                     if elapsed > refresh.get() {
                         missed_deadlines += (elapsed.as_nanos() / refresh.get().as_nanos()) as u64;
@@ -946,6 +971,10 @@ pub fn init(event_loop: &mut EventLoop<Ferese>, state: &mut Ferese) -> Result<()
 }
 
 fn send_nested_frame_callbacks(state: &mut Ferese, output: &Output, refresh: Duration) {
+    if state.session_lock.active {
+        state.lock_frame_callbacks(output);
+        return;
+    }
     let time = state.start_time.elapsed();
     for window in state.space.elements() {
         window.send_frame(output, time, Some(refresh), |_, _| Some(output.clone()));
@@ -985,6 +1014,58 @@ fn output_elements(
     output: &Output,
     include_cursor: bool,
 ) -> Vec<AnimatedWindowRenderElement> {
+    if state.session_lock.active {
+        state.configure_lock_surfaces();
+        let Some(geometry) = state.space.output_geometry(output) else {
+            return Vec::new();
+        };
+        let scale = output.current_scale().fractional_scale();
+        let background = state
+            .session_lock
+            .backgrounds
+            .entry(output.clone())
+            .or_insert_with(|| {
+                smithay::backend::renderer::element::solid::SolidColorBuffer::new(
+                    geometry.size,
+                    [0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 1.0],
+                )
+            });
+        background.resize(geometry.size);
+        let mut elements = Vec::new();
+        if let Some(surface) = state
+            .session_lock
+            .surfaces
+            .get(output)
+            .filter(|surface| surface.alive())
+        {
+            elements.extend(
+                render_elements_from_surface_tree::<
+                    GlesRenderer,
+                    WaylandSurfaceRenderElement<GlesRenderer>,
+                >(
+                    renderer,
+                    surface.wl_surface(),
+                    (0, 0),
+                    scale,
+                    1.0,
+                    RenderElementKind::Unspecified,
+                )
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(AnimatedWindowRenderElement::from),
+            );
+        }
+        elements.push(
+            SolidColorRenderElement::from_buffer(
+                background,
+                (0, 0),
+                scale,
+                1.0,
+                RenderElementKind::Unspecified,
+            )
+            .into(),
+        );
+        return elements;
+    }
     if state.wallpaper.poll() {
         state.backdrop_generation = state.backdrop_generation.wrapping_add(1);
     }
@@ -1082,18 +1163,15 @@ fn output_elements(
             } else {
                 state.focused_window == Some(id)
             };
-            let border_width = if focused {
-                state.theme_settings.focus_ring_width
-            } else {
-                state.theme_settings.border_width
-            };
-            let border_color = if focused {
-                state.theme_settings.accent_color.0
-            } else {
-                state.theme_settings.border_color.0
-            };
-            let border_color =
-                color_with_alpha(border_color, close_alpha * decoration_progress as f32);
+            let focus = state
+                .window_focus
+                .get(&id)
+                .map_or(if focused { 1.0 } else { 0.0 }, |v| v.current);
+            let border_width = state.theme_settings.border_width
+                + (state.theme_settings.focus_ring_width - state.theme_settings.border_width)
+                    * focus;
+            let border_color = state.theme_settings.border_color.0;
+            let gradient = state.theme_settings.border_gradient;
 
             if let Some(border) = window_border_element(
                 state,
@@ -1105,6 +1183,9 @@ fn output_elements(
                 window_radius,
                 border_width,
                 border_color,
+                gradient,
+                focus as f32,
+                close_alpha * decoration_progress as f32,
                 output,
                 &programs,
             ) {
@@ -1263,6 +1344,12 @@ fn overview_chrome_element(
         radius: (radius * scale) as f32,
         width: (width * scale) as f32,
         color,
+        color_to: color,
+        gradient_line: [0.0; 4],
+        focus_color: color,
+        focus_color_to: color,
+        focus_gradient_line: [0.0; 4],
+        focus_mix: 0.0,
     };
     let program = if key.1 {
         rounded_clip_program(state, renderer)?.border
@@ -1472,6 +1559,12 @@ fn rounded_clip_program(
         UniformName::new("radius", UniformType::_1f),
         UniformName::new("border_width", UniformType::_1f),
         UniformName::new("border_color", UniformType::_4f),
+        UniformName::new("border_color_to", UniformType::_4f),
+        UniformName::new("gradient_line", UniformType::_4f),
+        UniformName::new("focus_color", UniformType::_4f),
+        UniformName::new("focus_color_to", UniformType::_4f),
+        UniformName::new("focus_gradient_line", UniformType::_4f),
+        UniformName::new("focus_mix", UniformType::_1f),
     ];
     let shadow_uniforms = [
         UniformName::new("shadow_rect", UniformType::_4f),
@@ -1516,6 +1609,9 @@ fn window_border_element(
     requested_radius: f64,
     requested_width: f64,
     color: [f32; 4],
+    gradient: Option<crate::config::BorderGradient>,
+    focus_mix: f32,
+    opacity: f32,
     output: &Output,
     programs: &RoundedClipPrograms,
 ) -> Option<PhysicalShaderElement> {
@@ -1525,12 +1621,49 @@ fn window_border_element(
         return None;
     }
 
+    let (from, to, gradient_line) = match gradient {
+        Some(gradient) => (
+            gradient.from.0,
+            gradient.to.0,
+            border_gradient_line(
+                physical,
+                mode.size,
+                output.current_transform().invert(),
+                gradient.angle,
+            ),
+        ),
+        None => (color, color, [0.0; 4]),
+    };
+    let (focus_from, focus_to, focus_gradient_line) = match state.theme_settings.focus_ring_gradient
+    {
+        Some(g) => (
+            g.from.0,
+            g.to.0,
+            border_gradient_line(
+                physical,
+                mode.size,
+                output.current_transform().invert(),
+                g.angle,
+            ),
+        ),
+        None => (
+            state.theme_settings.accent_color.0,
+            state.theme_settings.accent_color.0,
+            [0.0; 4],
+        ),
+    };
     let parameters = BorderParameters {
         geometry,
         clip_rect: framebuffer_clip_rect(physical, mode.size, output.current_transform().invert()),
         radius: scaled_effect_value(requested_radius, geometry, scale),
         width,
-        color,
+        color: color_with_alpha(from, opacity),
+        color_to: color_with_alpha(to, opacity),
+        gradient_line,
+        focus_color: color_with_alpha(focus_from, opacity),
+        focus_color_to: color_with_alpha(focus_to, opacity),
+        focus_gradient_line,
+        focus_mix,
     };
     let context = renderer.context_id().erased();
     let buffers = state.window_borders.entry(id).or_default();
@@ -1573,6 +1706,12 @@ fn border_uniforms(parameters: &BorderParameters) -> Vec<Uniform<'static>> {
         Uniform::new("radius", parameters.radius).into_owned(),
         Uniform::new("border_width", parameters.width).into_owned(),
         Uniform::new("border_color", parameters.color).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("border_color_to", parameters.color_to).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("gradient_line", parameters.gradient_line).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("focus_color", parameters.focus_color).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("focus_color_to", parameters.focus_color_to).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("focus_gradient_line", parameters.focus_gradient_line).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("focus_mix", parameters.focus_mix).into_owned(),
     ]
 }
 
@@ -1605,6 +1744,12 @@ fn window_tint_element(
         radius: scaled_effect_value(radius, geometry, scale),
         width: 0.0,
         color,
+        color_to: color,
+        gradient_line: [0.0; 4],
+        focus_color: color,
+        focus_color_to: color,
+        focus_gradient_line: [0.0; 4],
+        focus_mix: 0.0,
     };
     let uniforms = |p: &BorderParameters| {
         vec![
@@ -1921,6 +2066,34 @@ fn framebuffer_clip_rect(
     ]
 }
 
+fn border_gradient_line(
+    geometry: Rectangle<i32, Physical>,
+    output_size: Size<i32, Physical>,
+    transform: Transform,
+    angle: f64,
+) -> [f32; 4] {
+    let angle = angle.to_radians();
+    let direction = (angle.cos(), angle.sin());
+    let width = f64::from(geometry.size.w);
+    let height = f64::from(geometry.size.h);
+    let extent = (width * direction.0.abs() + height * direction.1.abs()) * 0.5;
+    let center = geometry.loc.to_f64() + Point::from((width * 0.5, height * 0.5));
+    let offset: Point<f64, Physical> = (direction.0 * extent, direction.1 * extent).into();
+    // Apply the same output-to-framebuffer transform as the rounded clip.
+    // This keeps angles in window coordinates on rotated/flipped monitors.
+    let area = transform.transform_size(output_size).to_f64();
+    let start = transform.transform_point_in(center - offset, &area);
+    let end = transform.transform_point_in(center + offset, &area);
+    let delta = end - start;
+    let length_squared = (delta.x * delta.x + delta.y * delta.y).max(0.000001);
+    [
+        start.x as f32,
+        start.y as f32,
+        (delta.x / length_squared) as f32,
+        (delta.y / length_squared) as f32,
+    ]
+}
+
 pub(crate) fn redraw_output<R, E>(
     renderer: &mut R,
     framebuffer: &mut R::Framebuffer<'_>,
@@ -2087,7 +2260,7 @@ fn append_material_surface(
         surface,
         content_origin.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
         scale,
-        1.0,
+        crate::effects::surface_opacity(surface),
         RenderElementKind::Unspecified,
     );
     elements.extend(content.into_iter().filter_map(|element| {
@@ -2125,6 +2298,7 @@ fn material_element(
 ) -> Option<(AnimatedWindowRenderElement, AnimatedWindowRenderElement)> {
     let (role, generation) = crate::effects::surface_role(surface)?;
     let mut material = crate::effects::resolve_material(role, state.theme_settings.material_style);
+    let presentation_alpha = crate::effects::surface_opacity(surface);
     if role == crate::effects::SemanticRole::Panel
         && material.style == crate::config::MaterialStyle::Translucent
     {
@@ -2138,7 +2312,11 @@ fn material_element(
     let [offset_y, shadow_blur, shadow_opacity] = material.shadow;
     let edge_bar =
         role == crate::effects::SemanticRole::Panel && radius == 0.0 && geometry.loc.y == 0;
-    let shadow_opacity = if edge_bar { 0.0 } else { shadow_opacity };
+    let shadow_opacity = if edge_bar {
+        0.0
+    } else {
+        shadow_opacity * f64::from(presentation_alpha)
+    };
     let shadow_geometry = Rectangle::new(
         (geometry.loc.x, geometry.loc.y + offset_y.round() as i32).into(),
         geometry.size,
@@ -2157,6 +2335,7 @@ fn material_element(
     let sample_geometry = expanded_blur_region(capture_geometry, blur.ceil() as i32, output_size);
     let sample_physical = sample_geometry.to_physical_precise_round(scale);
     let parameters = MaterialParameters {
+        presentation_alpha,
         blur: (blur * scale) as f32,
         scene_generation: if blur > 0.0 {
             state.backdrop_generation
@@ -2175,9 +2354,14 @@ fn material_element(
         shadow_values: [(shadow_blur * scale) as f32, shadow_opacity as f32],
         shadow_bounds: shadow_bounds(geometry, offset_y, shadow_blur),
         geometry,
-        tint: [red, green, blue, material.opacity],
+        tint: [
+            red,
+            green,
+            blue,
+            material.opacity * if blur > 0.0 { 1.0 } else { presentation_alpha },
+        ],
         generation,
-        opaque: material.opacity == 1.0 && radius == 0.0,
+        opaque: material.opacity == 1.0 && presentation_alpha == 1.0 && radius == 0.0,
         visible_framebuffer: framebuffer_clip_rect(
             geometry.to_physical_precise_round(scale),
             mode.size,
@@ -2304,6 +2488,7 @@ fn blur_program(state: &mut Ferese, renderer: &mut GlesRenderer) -> Option<BlurP
         UniformName::new("material_radius", UniformType::_1f),
         UniformName::new("texture_size", UniformType::_2f),
         UniformName::new("blur_radius", UniformType::_1f),
+        UniformName::new("presentation_alpha", UniformType::_1f),
         UniformName::new("tint", UniformType::_4f),
     ];
     match renderer.compile_custom_texture_shader(BLUR_SHADER, &uniforms) {
@@ -2332,6 +2517,7 @@ fn blur_uniforms(p: &MaterialParameters) -> Vec<Uniform<'static>> {
         )
         .into_owned(),
         Uniform::new("blur_radius", p.blur).into_owned(),
+        Uniform::new("presentation_alpha", p.presentation_alpha).into_owned(),
         Uniform::new("tint", p.tint).into_owned(),
     ]
 }
@@ -2491,10 +2677,67 @@ mod tests {
     };
 
     use super::{
-        color_with_alpha, framebuffer_clip_rect, normalized_scale, resize_content_behavior,
-        rounded_visual_rect, scaled_visual_rect, shadow_bounds,
+        border_gradient_line, color_with_alpha, framebuffer_clip_rect, normalized_scale,
+        resize_content_behavior, rounded_visual_rect, scaled_visual_rect, shadow_bounds,
     };
 
+    #[test]
+    fn gradient_direction_survives_every_output_transform() {
+        let mode = (2560, 1600).into();
+        for transform in [
+            Transform::Normal,
+            Transform::_90,
+            Transform::_180,
+            Transform::_270,
+            Transform::Flipped,
+            Transform::Flipped90,
+            Transform::Flipped180,
+            Transform::Flipped270,
+        ] {
+            let area = transform.transform_size(mode).to_f64();
+            let rect: Rectangle<i32, Physical> =
+                Rectangle::new((110, 60).into(), (800, 600).into());
+            for (angle, first, last) in [
+                (0.0, (110.0, 360.0), (910.0, 360.0)),
+                (90.0, (510.0, 60.0), (510.0, 660.0)),
+                (45.0, (110.0, 60.0), (910.0, 660.0)),
+                (135.0, (910.0, 60.0), (110.0, 660.0)),
+            ] {
+                let line = border_gradient_line(rect, mode, transform, angle);
+                let progress = |point: smithay::utils::Point<f64, Physical>| {
+                    let point = transform.transform_point_in(point, &area);
+                    (point.x - f64::from(line[0])) * f64::from(line[2])
+                        + (point.y - f64::from(line[1])) * f64::from(line[3])
+                };
+                assert!(
+                    progress(first.into()).abs() < 0.00001,
+                    "{transform:?}, {angle}"
+                );
+                assert!(
+                    (progress(last.into()) - 1.0).abs() < 0.00001,
+                    "{transform:?}, {angle}"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn gradient_coordinates_follow_fractional_resize_and_translation() {
+        for scale in [1.0, 1.25, 1.5, 1.8, 2.0] {
+            for width in [500.0, 733.25, 1000.0] {
+                let rect = crate::presentation::physical_rect(
+                    ferese_layout::Rect::new(40.25, 60.75, width, 600.5),
+                    (0, 0).into(),
+                    scale,
+                );
+                let line = border_gradient_line(rect, (3840, 2160).into(), Transform::Normal, 0.0);
+                assert!((f64::from(line[0]) - f64::from(rect.loc.x)).abs() < 0.001);
+                assert!((f64::from(line[2]) * f64::from(rect.size.w) - 1.0).abs() < 0.00001);
+                assert!(line.iter().all(|component| component.is_finite()));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
     #[derive(Debug)]
     struct DamageElement {
         id: Id,